11/2/2023 0 Comments Helicon focus pro 7.6.4![]() The length and width of the dorsal shield were taken from the anterior to the posterior margins along the midline, and at level of r4, respectively. Measurements of structures are expressed as ranges (minimum–maximum) in micrometres (μm). Images and morphological measurements were taken via ZEN 2012 software (version 8.0). Digital drawings were prepared using Adobe Photoshop CS2 software based on the original pencil line drawings. Selected images were combined using Helicon Focus 7.6.4 Pro (Helicon Soft Ltd, 2000). Most images were captured in stacks (with focal depth manually controlled). The line drawings and examinations of the specimens were performed with a Zeiss Axio Imager A2 compound microscope equipped with differential interference contrast optical systems and an attached Axiocam 506 color camera (Carl Zeiss, Germany). Mites were removed from the captive giant African millipede using a fine brush, cleared in lactic acid solution and mounted in PVA medium ( Downs 1943). The millipedes were purchased for exhibition purposes and kept in a plastic cage with a sufficient amount of corroded oak sawdust. In addition, an update of the key of Julolaelaps species is presented to include the new species. ![]() Towards this aim, we herein describe a new species belonging to the genus Julolaelaps on the basis of female and male specimens collected on captive giant African millipede, Archispirostreptus gigas (Peters) ( Spirostreptida: Spirostreptidae) in Republic of Korea. The present paper is part of a project that aims to increase the knowledge of the mite fauna of the Republic of Korea, particularly the poorly studied fauna of insect-associated species of mesostigmatic mites. Several authors have already recorded a collection of Laelapidae associated with insects and soil from the Republic of Korea ( Kontschán et al. In this study, we follow Maes (1983) and Moraza and Kazemi (2012) in keeping the Julolaelaps as a separate genus of the family Laelapidae Canestrini, 1891, subfamily Iphiopsidinae Kramer, 1886. It was subsequently included in the Laelapidae- Hypoaspidinae by Vitzthum (1942: 763) and in the Laelapidae- Iphiopsidinae by Moraza and Kazemi (2012: 12). ![]() Julolaelaps was first established by Berlese (1916) for a small group of mites living on julids (Juliformes) belonging to the family Iphiopsididae. ![]() However, the nature of their symbiotic relationship (mutualism, commensalism and parasitism) with millipedes has not yet been confirmed ( Salmane and Telnov 2007). The genus is geographically distributed in Africa, the Middle East, East, South and Southeast Asia ( Berlese 1916 Maes 1983 Fain 1987 Kontschán 2005 Uppstrom and Klompen 2005 Salmane and Telnov 2007 Moraza and Kazemi 2012 Nemati et al. 2022), but some described species are associated with hosts in Polydesmida ( Diplopoda) ( Ishikawa 1986) and one species occasionally from the soil ( Nemati et al. The genus Julolaelaps Berlese is one of the groups of Mesostigmata that includes 22 nominal species commonly associated with millipedes, mainly in Juliformia ( Diplopoda) ( Moraes et al. Some of these mites may benefit their millipede hosts by helping to control populations of Acaridae, which sometimes become pests of captive millipedes ( Swafford and Bond 2010 Farfan and Klompen 2012).Įcological relationships such as these, with varying degrees of intimacy in the relationship between host animals and their associated mites, may represent a series of evolutionary stages from phoresy to parasitism. The mites associated with millipedes are taxonomically and ecologically diverse, and about eighteen mite families have been recorded from the two orders Mesostigmata and Sarcoptiformes ( Farfan and Klompen 2012).ĭepending on the millipede and mite species, the nature of the symbiotic relationship can range from commensalism to obligate parasitism ( Gerdeman et al. Like most other arthropod groups, millipedes have attracted a mite fauna.
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